Overall, the anti-corruption campaigns in both India and China can be said to suffer from a distinct lack of political will: where the central governments in both states have no real desire to tackle corruption, it therefore continues to run rampant. In India, a lack of political will to tackle corruption is clear given the lack of funding and resources given to anti-corruption agencies. Central government officials often hinder or manipulate investigations by giving agencies enough power to allow for some activity, but not enough to truly be effective in prosecuting individuals or companies [1].Similarly, in China the anti-corruption drive can be argued to be more strategic than about reducing corruption: by removing obstacles within the Party, the higher echelons of the Party are more able to pursue their private goals and therefore continue to engage in informal practices, keeping those in the party elite at the top [2]. 

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In India, the government provides supposedly independent agencies to tackle corruption, but hinders these efforts by restricting powers and interfering, whereas in China, the state controls all anti-corruption agencies and so can inherently influence investigations and cover up abuses of power where they see fit. China lacks an independent judiciary and free press, whereas India has an independent judiciary and press, but does not properly enforce legislation and influences investigations. The lack of singular legal standard in China, owing to a dual system for party officials and citizens, further undermines the potential to effectively tackle corruption as Party Laws are given a higher status than the penal code, allowing those at the top of the Party to apply them at will [2]. This is best summarised by Wang Qishan, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI): "Once you join the Party, you have to be beyond reproach in your political stance, be obedient to the Party and act as ordered." 

As a result of the lack of political will to actually tackling informal governance practices in India and China, use of anti-corruption campaigns results in a lack of transparent processes, no meaningfully independent investigatory  or judicial bodies, and the continuation of informal practices.

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